physiographic divisions of india(1)

    Mineral Wealth of Dharwar:-

1.      It contains principle ores of economical important metallic minerals – manganese, iron, copper, lead, chromium, and tungsten, platinum. Gold, etc.

2.      Non metallic minerals are mica, garnet. Kyanite, beryl, fourmaline etc.

3.      Few semiprecious stone like Ruby ,  Beryl ,zircon , Amethyst---

4.      Excellent building stone – granite, banded gneiss.

5.      Beautiful decorative stones – marble, quartzite.

 3)   Cuddapha system.  : - 

     a] Introduction -  The name cuddapah after the district of A. P. 

    b) Distribution: - M. P.  Rajasthan, Orrisa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, (Kolhapur, Ratanagiri, Yeotmal)

   c) Lithology: - Lime stone, Shale, Sandstone, Quartzite, conglomerate, breccias

   d) Thickness: - > 6000 m

 

 e) Classification: - Upper cuddapha– kistna series  ( shale and quartzite)

                                                               Nalla malai series

                             Lower cuddapha – cheyair series, ( shale and quartzite)

                                                      papaghani series and volcanic activity take place.

   F) Age: - Pre – Cambrian.

  g) Before cuddapha Eparchaean unconformity line separates Dharwar system.

4. Vindhyan System: -

a)  The name Vindhyan is taken from Vindhyan Mountain where these rocks are exposed. It covers 100000 sq km. &has thickness of 4500 m A large area of vindhyan rocks is covered by  Deccan trap basalt.

b) Distribution: - Vindhyan range of Malwa-Bundelkhand areas of son, Bhima, Chhattisgarh & Rajasthan.

c) Lithology: - Lime stone, shale, sand stone.

d) Age: - Pre-Cambrian.

                                                                             Bhander series      

                                                                             Diamondiferous   Conglomerate

e) Classification :-    1) Upper vindhyan

                                  (Sand stone)   [Horizontal] !    Rewaha  series,

                                                                                Diamondiferous  Conglomerate

                                                                                     Kaimur

                                   2) Lower Vindhyan -      -       [semri series ]

                            (Lime stone, shale)                 [Bhima series]

                              (Inclined), folded.

Vindhyan sand stone: - The upper vindhyan sand stone are very suitable for building & architectural purposes. They are available in many pleasing Shades of colour & are soft enough to be dressed easily. It is mainly used in North India.

1. Red fort in Delhi. 2. Parliament House.

 3. Rashtrapat   Bhavan.   4. Central secretarial House. 

5. Konark Temple, Puri

6. Many old places in Jaipur made up Red, Pink sand stone.

Diamondiferous conglomerates. :-   Upper vindhyan are very important economic deposit because they contain two diomandiferous conglomerate zones. One in between kaimur & Rewha&   another in between Rewah & Bhander series.

   The historically famous Panna Diamond & Golconda diamond from Panna in M. P. & Golconda in A. P.  A large amount of limestone is used for manufacture of cement

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