IGNEOUS ROCK

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1      Science is defined as the growth of IDEAS through observations and experimentation.

2      All the branches of science have a common principles.

There are four major categories of science.

I.     Physical sciences.

II.    Medical sciences.

III.  Biological sciences.

IV.  Natural sciences.

Geology :     it is branch of Natural science. Geology is the science of earth, as whole. It is not basic science, like mathematics, physics, chemistry , biology but it is an application of these sciences.

Geology : Geo - Earth. Logy – Science

Geology is also known as earth sciences.

Theology – Theo – God , Logy – Science.

It is Greek word – it is study of things created by GOD.

Geology word was first used in 1778 by G.A. De Luca.

Geology history was only an academic science and its early application. Uses were not visualised properly. But the industrial Revolution brought a new turning pt in the subject as all types of raw material required in abundance. For various types of industries. This demands for minerals and raw material changed the minds of geologists, on the discovery of raw materials . Thus the academic science was put the practical use.

Scope of Geology

1.    It is plays a very useful parting search of coal. Petroleum and minerals used as Atomic fuels.

2.    It is directly concerned with the are mineral, industrial minerals. Mining industry.

3.    The importance of Geology has also been recognized in the field of civil engineering.

Scope of Engineering Geology

Engineer may have to face a variety of problems his day to day work. For which fundamental knowledge of Geology is most essential. As matter of fact good Engineering means construction of most economical structure which will lost longer and fulfill their purpose satisfactorily. But structure can not work smoothly and successfully until the foundations of the structure are safe.

          Safety of foundation not only depend upon its correct design and superiority of construction but also upon the under ground geological features majority of failures are not due to faculty design or lack of proper supervision during construction buy only due to defective bed condition which are not fully detected at the timed selection of site.

          No proper co-ordination in departments is also serious defects in the working.

Thus today the knowledge of Geology has become a major part of the studies of civil engineer.

          In qualifying for a carrier as a civil Engineering fundamentals of Engineering Geology is now almost universally as basic as that of soil much strength of material and theory of structure.

1      It gives him a general idea about availability of types of construction material.

2      Ground water conditions at site, foundation.

3      Types of Rock and their properties.

4      Various structural features like, fault , joint , fold , dyke, fracture cleavage , sheared zone , dip , strike etc,. are very important below the foundations. They are only responsible for defect in structure. They may properly investigated and report as being a civil engineer he must know about knowledge of Geology.