structural geology

Structural Geology

             It deals with large scale features of rock masses such as their size, shape and their attitude in space.

Outcrop – Portions of the rock formation which are exposed at the surface (Exposure)

Outlier – It is an outcrop of younger bed surrounding on all sides by older beds.

          E.g. Isolated hill (because of erosion)                                               

Inliers – It is an outcrop of older beds surrounding on all sides of younger beds.(valley)

Bedding Plane – 1) Two Successive beds are separated from each other by plane surface which                                                        . is called a bedding plane

2) Beds are two type a) Horizontal bed (If attitude is not disturbed no strike and dip) b) Inclined bed (If attitude is distributed due to uplift).

Dip – The angle that a bed makes with the horizontal is called its dip or amount of Dip. And the direction in which its dips is called dip direction

The max angle of Dip is true dip of beds.   If  dip seen in any other direction  is called apparent dip.Apparent dip is always less than true dip

Amt. of dip of any beds can be found out by direct. Measurement  in the field by means of clinometers (If suitable exposure is available).

Strike –    If a horizontal.  line  is drawn on inclined bedding plane it will run in direction at right angle to the dip direction is called strike.

Conformable bed – When deposition goes on uninterruptedly at a site a sequence beds will be formed all of which will have same strike and dip are called conformable beds and series of beds are called conformable series of beds.

The Vertical distance between the top and bottom of a bed is called its vertical thickness. And perpendicular distance between the two  its   is True thickness.

A bed will have a definite thickness only when it is bounded by two bedding plane.